•Alcohol concentration usually over 60 %.
•Spirits used as flavoring agent and medicinally for the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute.
•Spirits may taken orally, applied externally, or used by inhalation
•When used orally, they are mixed with water to reduce the pungency of the spirit.
•Spirits should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers, and in a cool place. This prevents evaporations of either the alcohol or the active principle.
•Spirits used as flavoring agent and medicinally for the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute.
•Spirits may taken orally, applied externally, or used by inhalation
•When used orally, they are mixed with water to reduce the pungency of the spirit.
•Spirits should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers, and in a cool place. This prevents evaporations of either the alcohol or the active principle.
Incompatibilities of spirits:
•Spirit is of high concentration of alcohol so when mixed with water or with other aqueous solution, the volatile substance present in the spirits generally separated from solution and form a milky preparation.
•Spirit cause precipitation of salt from aqueous solution due to low solubility of salt in alcohol.
•Spirit is of high concentration of alcohol so when mixed with water or with other aqueous solution, the volatile substance present in the spirits generally separated from solution and form a milky preparation.
•Spirit cause precipitation of salt from aqueous solution due to low solubility of salt in alcohol.
2. Collodions
•Are viscous liquid prepared by dissolving pyroxyline (nitrocellulose) (4%w / v) in a 3 : 1mixture of ether and alcohol.
•The resulting solution is highly volatile and flammable and should be stored in tight containers at temperature not more than 30 C remote from fire.
•They are applied to the skin by means of a soft brush and, when the ether and ethanol have evaporated, leave a protective film of pyroxyline on the surface.
Salicylic acid collodion USP:
•Contains 10% w/v of salicylic acid in flexible collodion USP.
•Used as a keratolytic agent in the treatment of corns and warts. They are water repellent protective for minor cuts and scratches.
•Collodion is made flexible by the addition of castor oil 3% or 2 % camphor.
3. Glycerins (Glycerites) Solution of drug in not less than 50% w/w glycerin.
•Highly viscous and have jelly-like consistency.
•Hygroscopic and should be stored in tightly closed containers.
•Phenol Glycerin BPC: Phenol.160 g, Glycerin840g.
•The resulting solution is highly volatile and flammable and should be stored in tight containers at temperature not more than 30 C remote from fire.
•They are applied to the skin by means of a soft brush and, when the ether and ethanol have evaporated, leave a protective film of pyroxyline on the surface.
Salicylic acid collodion USP:
•Contains 10% w/v of salicylic acid in flexible collodion USP.
•Used as a keratolytic agent in the treatment of corns and warts. They are water repellent protective for minor cuts and scratches.
•Collodion is made flexible by the addition of castor oil 3% or 2 % camphor.
3. Glycerins (Glycerites) Solution of drug in not less than 50% w/w glycerin.
•Highly viscous and have jelly-like consistency.
•Hygroscopic and should be stored in tightly closed containers.
•Phenol Glycerin BPC: Phenol.160 g, Glycerin840g.
•Procedure: Dissolve the phenol in the glycerin, Phenol Ear-drops BPC, Phenol glycerin40 ml, Glycerin, a sufficient quantity, to make... 100 ml
• Add the glycerin to the glycerites. Water should not be added to these preparations. It react with the phenol to produce a preparation which is caustic and, consequently, damaging the area of application.
•Starch glycerite: Emollient to the skin contains starch, benzoic acid, water & glycerin.
4.Liniments
• Add the glycerin to the glycerites. Water should not be added to these preparations. It react with the phenol to produce a preparation which is caustic and, consequently, damaging the area of application.
•Starch glycerite: Emollient to the skin contains starch, benzoic acid, water & glycerin.
4.Liniments
•Are solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soaps, or emulsionsand applied for external use with rubbing.( for muscle pain).
•The oil or soap base for ease of application and massage.
•Alcoholic Liniments are used generally for their rubefaciant, counterirritant, mildly astringent, and penetrating effects.
•Liniments should not be applied to broken skin.
•Calamine Lotion, Oily BPC (Calamine Liniment)
